Literature on polymer composites
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- Giant magnetic susceptibility enhancement in field-structured nanocomposites, James.E. Martin et al. (2008)
Title Giant magnetic susceptibility enhancement in field-structured nanocomposites Authors James.E. Martin, E.L. Venturini, D.L. Huber Publication Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Volume In Press, Accepted Manuscript Date 18 April 2008 Abstract We demonstrate through experiment and simulation that when mono-domain Fe nanoparticles are formed into chains by the application of a magnetic field, the susceptibility of the resulting structure is greatly enhanced (11.4-fold) parallel to the particle chains, and is much larger than transverse to the chains. Simulations show that this significant enhancement is expected when the susceptibility of the individual particles approaches 5 in MKS units, and is due to the spontaneous magnetization of individual particle chains, which occurs because of the strong dipolar interactions. This large enhancement is only possible with nanoparticles, because demagnetization fields limit the susceptibility of a spherical multi-domain particle to 3 (MKS). Experimental confirmation of the large susceptibility enhancement is presented, and both the enhancement and the susceptibility anisotropy are found to agree with simulation. The specific susceptibility of the nanocomposite is 54 (MKS), which exceeds the highest value we have obtained for field-structured composites of multi-domain particles by a factor of four. DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.111 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJJ-4S9P5VS-12/1/9d0c8a36cc062c50432c82721b89f568 - In-situ synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–gold nanoparticles composite films and its application in microfluidic systems, Q. Zhang et al. (2007)
Title In-situ synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–gold nanoparticles composite films and its application in microfluidic systems Authors Q. Zhang, J. Xu, Y. Liu, H. Chen Publication Lab on a Chip Date Nov, 2007 Abstract We presented a simple approach for in-situ synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)–gold nanoparticles composite film based on the special characteristics of PDMS itself. It is an environmentally safe synthesis method without the requirement of additional reducing/stabilizing agents. The region where the resulting gold nanoparticles distribute (in the matrix or on the surface of the polymer) and the size of the nanoparticles, as well as the colour of the free-standing films, can be simply controlled by adjusting the ratio of curing agent and the PDMS monomer. The chemical and optical properties of these composite films were studied. Using such a method, gold nanoparticle micropatterns on PDMS surfaces can be performed. And based on the gold nanoparticles micropattern, further modification with antibodies, antigens, enzymes and other biomolecules can be achieved. To verify this ability, an immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) reactor in microchannels was built and its performance was studied. The experiments have shown that the resulting composite film may have a lot of potential merits in protein immobilization, immunoassays and other biochemical analysis on PDMS microchips. DOI 10.1039/b716295m - Doping nanoparticles into polymers and ceramics using ultrasound radiation, Aharon Gedanken (2007)
Title Doping nanoparticles into polymers and ceramics using ultrasound radiation Author Aharon Gedanken Publication Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 418-430 Date April 2007 Abstract In materials science, sonochemistry is mostly used for the fabrication of nanomaterials, but it has also been used for the polymerization of monomers. The current review is aimed at introducing a new application of sonochemistry to materials science, i.e., the doping of nanoparticles into polymers and ceramic bodies. The introduction will present a short overview of sonochemistry, and will outline the advantages of sonochemistry as a tool for fabricating nanomaterials. DOI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.08.005 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TW3-4MS9K6N-1/2/6870e678e50a4f79d28d1a17a16ebff4 - Novel highly elastic magnetic materials for dampers and seals: part II. Material behavior in a magnetic field, S. Abramchuk et al. (2007)
Title Novel highly elastic magnetic materials for dampers and seals: part II. Material behavior in a magnetic field Authors S. Abramchuk, E. Kramarenko, D. Grishin, G. Stepanov, L. V. Nikitin, G. Filipcsei, A. R. Khokhlov, M. Zr�nyi Publication Polymers for Advanced Technologies Volume 18 Issue 7 Pages 513-518 Date 2007 Abstract The combination of polymers with magnetic particles displays novel and often enhanced properties compared to the traditional materials. They can open up possibilities for new technological applications. The magnetic field sensitive elastomers represent a new type of composites consisting of small particles, usually from nanometer range to micron range, dispersed in a highly elastic polymeric matrix. In this paper, we show that in the presence of built-in magnetic particles it is possible to tune the elastic modulus by an external magnetic field. We propose a phenomenological equation to describe the effect of the external magnetic field on the elastic modulus. We demonstrate the engineering potential of new materials on the examples of two devices. The first one is a new type of seals fundamentally different from those used before. In the simplest case, the sealing assembly includes a magnetoelastic strip and a permanent magnet. They attract due to the magnetic forces. This ensures that due to high elasticity of the proposed composites and good adhesion properties, the strip of magnetoelastic will adopt the shape of the surface to be sealed, this fact leading to an excellent sealing. Another straightforward application of the magnetic composites is based on their magnetic field dependent elastic modulus. Namely, we demonstrate in this paper the possible application of these materials as adjustable vibration dampers. Copyright � 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.923 - Fabrication and Characterization of Nickel Nanowire Polymer Composites, H. Denver et al. (2007)
Title Fabrication and Characterization of Nickel Nanowire Polymer Composites Authors H. Denver, J. Hong, D. Borca-Tasciuc Volume 963 Date 2007 Publisher Materials Research Society Abstract Magnetic polymers are multi-functional composites emerging as a new category of smart materials. This work focuses on fabrication and characterization of magnetic polymer nanocomposites based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer matrix. The magnetic fillers are commercially available Ni nanoparticles and respectively in-house fabricated Ni nanowires. Synthesis of Ni nanowires is achieved by electroless deposition inside nanoporous anodic alumina templates. After template removal, the nanowires are coated with 1-Octodecanethiol surfactant and mixed with PDMS using a FlackTek SpeedMixer. In parallel, nanoparticles are mixed with PDMS, without undergoing surfactant coating. Both composites are evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine dispersion uniformity. Mechanical properties are resolved by tensile tests performed by an instron. Preliminary results suggest that surfactant addition enhances dispersion, while mechanical properties of the composites for up to 5 vol. % of added nickel remain close to that of the polymer matrix without filler. - Complete UV emission of ZnO nanoparticles in a PMMA matrix, Xi-Wen Du et al. (2006)
Title Complete UV emission of ZnO nanoparticles in a PMMA matrix Authors Xi-Wen Du, Ying-Song Fu, Jing Sun, Xue Han, Jim Liu Publication Semiconductor Science and Technology Volume 21 Issue 8 Pages 1202-1206 Date 2006 Abstract Preparation and photoluminescence (PL) properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles embedded in a lipophilic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix are reported in detail with an unbalanced sol-gel route. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) indicates that ZnO particles are highly crystallized, with a size of 5-6 nm and hexagonal wurtzite structure. During the sol-gel reaction, partial ester groups of R-COOCH3 in PMMA are hydrolyzed to form carboxylic ion groups, which chemisorb on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to eliminate the defects; thus ZnO nanoparticles in the PMMA matrix exhibit complete ultraviolet (UV) emissions, while emissions in the visible region are fully quenched. DOI 10.1088/0268-1242/21/8/037 - Electric and Magnetic Field-Structured Smart Composites, Zsolt Varga et al. (2005)
Title Electric and Magnetic Field-Structured Smart Composites Authors Zsolt Varga, Genov�va Filipcsei, Andr�s Szil�gyi, Mikl�s Zr�nyi Publication Macromolecular Symposia Volume 227 Issue 1 Pages 123-134 Date 2005 Abstract The combination of polymers with nanomaterials displays novel and often enhanced properties compared to the traditional materials. They can open up possibilities for new technological applications. The electric- and magnetic- field-sensitive elastomers represent a new type of composites consisting of small particles, usually from nanometer range to micron range, dispersed in high elastic polymeric matrix. Coupling of electric and/or magnetic fields with elastic properties leads to a number of striking phenomena that are exhibited in response to impressed external fields.The ability of such materials to change their size and mechanical properties in a reversible manner has inherent interest, if for no other reason than the uniqueness having giant elastic response to polarization. The giant deformational effect, high elasticity, anisotropic properties, and quick response to either electric or magnetic fields open new opportunities for using such materials for various applications. Since electric and magnetic fields are convenient stimuli from the point of signal control, it is of great importance to develop and study such flexible, smart polymeric systems. DOI 10.1002/masy.200550912 - Polydimethylsiloxane-magnetite nanoparticle complexes and dispersions in polysiloxane carrier fluids, K.S. Wilson et al. (2005)
Title Polydimethylsiloxane-magnetite nanoparticle complexes and dispersions in polysiloxane carrier fluids Authors K.S. Wilson, J.D. Goff, J.S. Riffle, L.A. Harris, T.G. St.Pierre Publication Polymers for Advanced Technologies Volume 16 Issue 2-3 Pages 200-211 Date 2005 Abstract Dispersions of sterically stabilized magnetite nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) carrier fluids have been prepared for potential biomedical applications. Trivinylsiloxy-terminated PDMS was functionalized with mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptosuccinic acid to afford PDMS stabilizers containing either three or six carboxylic acid groups, respectively, at one chain-end. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation reaction of FeCl2 and FeCl3 with hydroxide at pH 9-10. Subsequently, the PDMS stabilizers were adsorbed onto the magnetite nanoparticle surfaces via the carboxylate groups in an interfacial reaction at an acidic pH. The complexes were characterized with transmission electron microscopy to establish an average particle diameter of 7.4 ± SD 1.7 nm and approximately spherical shape. Complexes containing up to 67 wt% magnetite were prepared using these PDMS stabilizers, resulting in maximum saturation specific magnetizations of ?50 emu g-1. The polymer-magnetite nanoparticle complexes could be dispersed in PDMS oligomers to afford polysiloxane ferrofluids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI 10.1002/pat.572 - Magnetic, electrical and optical properties of metal-polymer nanocomposites, A.D. Pomogailo et al. (2005)
Title Magnetic, electrical and optical properties of metal-polymer nanocomposites Authors A.D. Pomogailo, V.N. Kestelman Pages 459-513 Date 2005 Publisher Springer Abstract Highly dispersed nanoscale particles in polymer matrices are currently attracting great interest in many fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. This book presents and analyzes the essential data on nanoscale metal clusters dispersed in, or chemically bonded with polymers. Special attention is paid to the in situ synthesis of the nanocomposites, their chemical interactions, and the size and distribution of the particles in the polymer matrix. Numerous novel nanocomposites are described with regard to their mechanical, electrophysical, optical, magnetic, catalytic, and biological properties. Their applications, present and future, are outlined. The book is addressed both to researchers who actively use these materials and to students entering this multidisciplinary field. URL http://www.springer.com/dal/home?SGWID=1-102-22-35888724-0 - Composite elastic magnet films with hard magnetic feature, Weisong Wang et al. (2004)
Title Composite elastic magnet films with hard magnetic feature Authors Weisong Wang, Zhongmei Yao, Jackie C. Chen, Ji Fang Publication Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering Volume 14 Issue 10 Pages 1321-1327 Date 2004 Abstract Hard magnetic materials with high remnant magnetic moment, Mr, have unique advantages that can achieve bi-directional (push-pull) movement in an external magnetic field. This paper presents the results on the fabrication and testing of novel composite elastic permanent magnet films. The microsize hard barium ferrite powder, NdFeB powder, and different silicone elastomers have been used to fabricate various large elongation hard magnetic films. Three different fabrication methods, screen-coating processing, moulding processing and squeegee-coating processing, have been investigated, and the squeegee-coating process was proven to be the most successful method. The uniform composite elastic permanent magnet films range from 40 µm to 216 µm in thickness have been successfully fabricated. These films were then magnetized in the thickness direction after fabrication. They exhibited permanent magnet behaviour; for instance, the film (0.640 mm3 in volume) made of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and hard barium ferrite powders is measured to give a coercive force, Hc, of 3.24 × 105 A m[?]1 and Mr of 1.023 × 10[?]5 A m2, and the film (0.504 mm3 in volume) made of PDMS and NdFeB powders gives 1.55 × 105 A m[?]1 Hc and 8.081 × 10[?]5 A m2 Mr. These composite elastic permanent magnet films' mechanical properties, like Young's modulus and deflection force, have been evaluated. To validate the films' Young's modulus, a finite-element computer simulation (ANSYS®) is used and one film is chosen whose Young's modulus (16.60 MPa) is confirmed by the simulation results with ANSYS®. The large elongation composite elastic permanent magnet film provides an excellent diaphragm material, which plays an important role in the micropump or valve. The movement of the 126 µm thick film with 4.5 mm diameter made of PDMS and NdFeB powders has been tested in a 0.21 Tesla external magnetic field. It was proven to have large deflection of 125 µm. - Concepts for the incorporation of inorganic building blocks into organic polymers on a nanoscale, Guido Kickelbick (2003)
Title Concepts for the incorporation of inorganic building blocks into organic polymers on a nanoscale Author Guido Kickelbick Publication Progress in Polymer Science Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 83-114 Date January 2003 Abstract Hybrid inorganic-organic materials are promising systems for a variety of applications due to their extraordinary properties based on the combination of the different building blocks. The combination of nanoscale inorganic moieties with organic polymers has a high potential for future applications and has therefore attracted a lot of attention during the last years. Since there are countless different combinations of the two moieties, there are also a large number of methodologies to combine them in one material. This review is written with the intention to give an overview of principal concepts of the preparation of such materials for different applications. It focuses on the chemical aspects of the incorporation of inorganic building blocks such as silica networks, porous materials, metals, etc. into an organic polymeric matrix. DOI 10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00019-9 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TX2-45Y6FKV-1/2/5e6606d066f7244d46ae5047f369071d - Anisotropic magnetism in field-structured composites, James E. Martin et al. (2000)
Title Anisotropic magnetism in field-structured composites Authors James E. Martin, Eugene Venturini, Judy Odinek, Robert A. Anderson Publication Physical Review E Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 2818 Date March 2000 DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2818 URL http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v61/p2818 - Model of magnetorheological elastomers, L. C. Davis (1999)
Title Model of magnetorheological elastomers Author L. C. Davis Publication Journal of Applied Physics Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 3348-3351 Date March 15, 1999 URL http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/85/3348/1 - Electron behavior and magnetic properties of polymer nanocomposites, D. Y. Godovski (1995)
Title Electron behavior and magnetic properties of polymer nanocomposites Author D. Y. Godovski Volume 119 Pages 79-122 Date 1995 Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Abstract In this review article, an attempt has been made to describe the relatively new class of composite systems, polymer nanocomposites. The study of nanocomposites is determined by a number of anomalous properties, exhibited by both the nanoparticles themselves and the systems of such objects immersed in a polymer matrix. The anomalous character of nanoparticle properties is determined by their medium position between continuous bulk and single atoms. Such particles between 10 to 1000 Å sometimes exhibit a number of quantum size effects that determine anomalous optical and magnetic properties. The cooperative effects of composites with interacting nanoparticles is another distinctive feature of such systems. These effects occur at the so-called percolation threshold, where the particles begin having contact with one another, whereby the interparticle contacts increase with the increase in their number. The electronic, optical and magnetic properties of composites, which change with the changes in cluster structure, are also discussed in this review. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0021281 - Magnetroviscoelastic behavior of composite gels, Tohru Shiga et al. (1995)
Title Magnetroviscoelastic behavior of composite gels Authors Tohru Shiga, Akane Okada, Toshio Kurauchi Publication Journal of Applied Polymer Science Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 787-792 Date 1995 Abstract Dynamic viscoelasticity of silicone gels having many lines of dispersed iron particles under the influence of external magnetic fields was studied. The particulate composite enhanced its elastic modulus by action of magnetic fields. The magnetroviscoelastic behavior was caused by the cohesive forces between magnetically polarized particles and was analyzed using a simple model of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. The presented results provide insight into the relationship between macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of the composite gels and the microscopic bondings between dispersed particles. � 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc DOI 10.1002/app.1995.070580411